Journal article

Transforming growth factor-β in tumor microenvironment: Understanding its impact on monocytes and macrophages for its targeting

T Hourani, A Sharma, RB Luwor, AA Achuthan

International Reviews of Immunology | TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC | Published : 2025

Abstract

TGF-β is a pivotal cytokine that orchestrates various aspects of cancer progression, including tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in cancer biology, focusing on its intricate interactions with monocytes and macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We specifically discuss how TGF-β modulates monocyte and macrophage activities, leading to immunosuppression and tumor progression. We conclude with the current translational and clinical efforts targeting TGF-β, recognizing the promising role of this strategy in immunooncology.

University of Melbourne Researchers

Grants

Awarded by University of Melbourne


Funding Acknowledgements

The project was funded by grants to AAA from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (1159901) and the University of Melbourne Research Grant Support Scheme. TH was supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Illustrations were created with BioRender.com